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These references date back to the beginning of this website, put online in June 1999 by Wendy Sheridan. There have since been many updates within the pages of this site, with new references appearing on each individual page as the information is added. About bladder cancer 1. http://www.urol-int.org/Sep97/Clinical/clinical.htm 2. Memorial Sloan Kettering website; 3. Bladder carcinoma as a systemic disease. Prout GR Jr, Griffin PP, Shipley WU: Cancer 1979;43:2532-2539. As reviewed by Michael J. Droller, M.D; 4. http://www.duj.com/Article/Streem.htmlEnodourologic Management of Upper Tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma Peter E. Clark, M.D. Stevan B. Streem, M.D. Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Urology Cleveland Ohio 5. http://www.ca-journal.org/articles/46/2/093-112/46_093-112_frame.htm As reviewed by Dr. DL Lamm and Dr. Frank M. Torti Bladder Cancer 1996 6. http://www.urologychannel.com/bladdercancer/types.shtml 7. http://www.urologychannel.com/bladdercancer/types.shtml#Urachal Staging and grading 1. A proposed simplified staging system of invasive bladder tumors. Herr HW 2. Ta, T1 Bladder Cancer: What Can We Learn From EORTC Trials? APM van der Meijden 3. Results of radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and the effect of chemotherapy. Diagnostic procedures 1. Evaluation of new resectoscope loop for transurethral resection of bladder tumors. Herr HW; Reuter VE 2. Transitional Cell Carcimoma of the Bladder: Back to Basics http://www.uronews.com/archive.dir/vol1_4.htm Dr. Ken Grigor MD, FRCPathSenior Lecturer and Consultant Pathologist, Edinburgh University and Western General Hospital, Edinburgh.Chairman of the Scottish Urological Oncology Group. Special Feature; Urology News Online Vol.1/4: 3. Superficial bladder cancer: Progression and recurrence. Heney, N.M., Ahmed, S., Flanagan, M.J., et al J Urol 1983; 130:1083-1086 as reviewed by Drs. Emmanuel Schenkman, M.D. and Donald L. Lamm, M.D.; http://www.duj.com/Article/Schenkman.htmlSuperficial Bladder Cancer Therapy Superficial Bladder Cancer 1. References as reviewed in Bladder Cancer: State of the Art Care by Michael J. Droller, M.D; Bladder carcinoma as a systemic disease. Cancer 1979;43:2532-2539. Prout GR Jr, Griffin PP, Shipley WU: Treated history of noninvasive grade 1 transitional cell carcinoma:Prout GR Jr, Barton BA, Griffin PP, et al: The National The pT1 G3 bladder tumour Birch BR, Harland SJ:. Br J Urol 1986;64:109-116. 2. Carcinoma in situ DL Lamm Department of Urology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown. Urol 3. http://www.urologychannel.com/bladdercancer/types.shtml#CISTIS 4. Pathobiology of Preinvasive Urothelial Neoplasia Author: Jose I. Diaz, MD, Pathology Service, H. Lee Moffitt CancerCenter & Research Institute [Cancer Control: JMCC 3(6):552-556, 1996. © 1996 Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute] full article can be found at http://www.moffitt.usf.edu/pubs/ccj/v3n6/patholog.html 5. Carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder: clues to host involvement in human carcinogenesis. Orozco RE, Martin AA,Murphy WM. Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee, Memphis. Cancer. 1994;74:115-122. PMID: 8004567 UI: 94273074 6. http://www.duj.com/Article/Schenkman.htmlSuperficial Bladder Cancer Therapy References as reviewed by Drs. Superficial bladder cancer: Progression and recurrence. Heney, N.M., Ahmed, S., Flanagan, M.J., et al J Urol 1983; Natural history of bladder cancer. Bostwick, D.G.: J Cell Biochem., 1992;161:31-38. (29%) Carcinoma in situ (review) D.L.Lamm Urol Clin North Amer. 1992; 19:499-508 7. Pussycats and baby tigers: non-invasive (pTa) and minimally invasive (pT1) bladder carcinomas are not the same! 8. Transitional Cell Papilloma: Revisiting An Old Concept 9. Maintenance BCG immunotherapy of superficial bladder cancer: A randomized prospective Southwest Oncology Group Intravesical chemotherapy 1. Congress held in Turkey in 1996, Dr. A. van der Meijden from the Netherlands reviewed "Future of Urological Oncology in Clinical and Basic Research through European Collaboration www.uroweb.nlhttp://www.uroweb.nl/eau/eut/eut72/3.shtml European Urology Today: Volume 7, no.2 June 1997 2. A combined analysis of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, and Medical Research Council randomized clinical trials for the prophylactic treatment of stage TaT1 bladder cancer. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genitourinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group and the Medical Research Council Working Party on Superficial Bladder Cancer Pawinski A; Sylvester R; Kurth KH; Bouffioux C; van der Meijden A; Parmar MK; Bijnens L Department of Urology, Memorial Cancer Center, Warsaw, Poland. J Urol 1996 Dec;156(6):1934-40, discussion 1940-1 PMID: 8911360 UI: 97068032 3. Intravesical chemotherapy and immunotherapy: How do we assess their effectiveness and what are their limitations and uses? Lamm DL, van der Meijden AP, Akaza H, et al Int J Urol 1995;2(Suppl 2):23-35. 4. Influence of thiotepa and doxorubicin instillation at time of transurethral surgical treatment of bladder cancer on tumor recurrence: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Zincke H, Utz DC, Taylor WF, et al J Urol 1983;129:505-509. PMID: 6403716 UI: 83164505 5. Mitomycin C in multiple superficial bladder tumors: short-term therapy, long-term results. Milani C; Bassi P; Meneghini A; Garbeglio A; Zattoni F; Piazza N; Maruzzi D; Drago-Ferrante GL; Pagano F Institute of Urology, Monoblocco Hospital, Padova, Italy Urol Int 1992;48(2):154-6 PMID: 1585510 UI: 92263601. 6. Mitomycin-C in superficial bladder cancer. Is long-term maintenance therapy worthwhile after initial treatment? Hamdy FC; Hastie KJ; Kerry R; Williams JL Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Br J Urol 1993 Feb;71(2):183-6 PMID: 8461952 UI: 93214763 7. Valstar http://www.physweekly.com/archive/98/11_09_98/cu3.html Physician's Weekly 8. Intravesical epirubicin versus doxorubicin for superficial bladder tumors (stages pTa and pT1): a randomized prospective study. Ali-el-Dein B; el-Baz M; Aly AN; Shamaa S; Ashamallah A. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt J Urol 1997 Jul;158(1):68-73; discussion 73-4PMID: 9186325 UI: 97329866 9. Adjuvant chemotherapy of superficial transitional cell carcinoma: an E.O.R.T.C. randomized trail comparing doxorubicin hydrochloride, ethoglucid and TUR-alone. Kurth KH; Debruyne FJ; Senge T; Carpentier PJ; Riedl H; Sylvester R; de Pauw M Prog Clin Biol Res 1985;185B:135-42 PMID: 3898138 UI: 85298556 Additional Source; http://www.duj.com/Article/Schenkman.htmlSuperficial Bladder Cancer Therapy Emmanuel Schenkman, M.D. and Donald L. Lamm, M.D. Schenkman and Lamm’s review of the latest statistics and treatments for management of superficial bladder cancer in the Digital Urology Journal (year?) Immunotherapy BCG 2. Long-term results of intravesical therapy for superficial bladder cancer Lamm DL Department of Urology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown. Urol Clin North Am 1992 Aug;19(3):573-80 PMID: 1636241 UI: 92343130 3. Maintenance BCG immunotherapy of superficial bladder cancer: A randomized prospective Southwest Oncology Group Study (meeting abstract). Lamm DL, Crawford ED, Blumenstein B, et al:Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1992;11:A627. Abstract 4. Long-term follow-up of an EORTC randomized prospective trial comparing intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin-RIVM and mitomycin C in superficial bladder cancer. EORTC GU Group and the Dutch South East Cooperative Urological Group. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Collaborative Group.Witjes JA; v. d. Meijden AP; Sylvester LC; Debruyne FM; van Aubel A; Witjes WP Department of Urology, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.Urology 1998 Sep;52(3):403-10 PMID: 9730451 UI: 98398219 5. Future of Urological Oncology in Clinical and Basic Research through European Collaboration www.uroweb.nl Congress held in Turkey in 1996, a talk by Dr. A. van der Meijden from the Netherlands 6. Complications of bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy. (Review) Lamm DL Urol Clin North Am 1992; 19:565-572. PMID: 1636240 UI: 92343129 7. Local toxicity patterns associated with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin: A Southwest Oncology Group Study. Berry D.L., Blumenstein B.A., Magyary D.L., Berry DL; Lamm DL; Crawford ED Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington, Seattle Int J Urol 1995;2 PMID: 8689518 UI: 96253590 References 6 and 7 as reviewed by Drs. Emmanuel Schenkman, M.D. and Donald L. Lamm, M.D.; http://www.duj.com/Article/Schenkman.htmlSuperficial Bladder Cancer Therapy 8. Complications of bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination and immunotherapy and their management. 9. Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy for superficial bladder cancer: effect of bacillus Calmette-Guerin viability on treatment results.Kelley DR; Ratliff TL; Catalona WJ; Shapiro A; Lage JM; Bauer WC; Haaff EO; Dresner SM J Urol 1985 Jul;134(1):48-53 10. The effect of lubricants on viability of bacillus Calmette-Guerin for intravesical immunotherapy against bladder carcinoma. Department of Urology, Medical University of Lubeck, Germany. Bohle A; Rusch-Gerdes S; Ulmer AJ; Braasch H; Jocham DJ Urol 1996 Jun;155(6):1892-6 11. NCI/PDQ physicians statement http://cancernet.nci.nih.gov/clinpdq/soa/Bladder_cancer_Physician.html Interferon 1. Alpha-interferon in superficial bladder cancer: a Northern California Oncology Group Study. Torti FM; Shortliffe LD; Williams RD; Pitts WC; Kempson RL; Ross JC; Palmer J; Meyers F; Ferrari M; Hannigan J; et al 2. A randomized controlled study of intravesical alpha-2b-interferon in carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Glashan RW: Department of Urology, Royal Infirmary, Huddersfield, United Kingdom.J Urol 1990;144:658-661. PMID: 2201795 UI: 90355290 3. Superficial bladder cancer: the role of interferon-alpha published erratum appears in J Urol 1998 Oct;160(4):1444] 4. IFN-alpha 2B Enhances Th1 Cytokine Responses in Bladder Cancer Patients Receiving Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Immunotherapy Authors:LuoY; Chen X; Downs TM; DeWolf WC; O'DonnellMA Harvard Medical School, Boston PMID:0073521 UI: No Cit. ID assigned 3:98-101. Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin 1. Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer With Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin: A Randomized Study Carlos D. Jurincic, Udo Engelmann, Jorg Gasch, Karl F Klippel Department of Urology and Pathology General Hospital Celle and Department of Urology, University Mainz Fed. Rep. Germany J Urol 1988 Apr;139(4):723-6 PMID: 3127600 UI: 88172648 2. Immunologic Reduction for Bladder Cancer RecurrenceRates Olsson CA, Chute R, Rao CN J Urol 1974 Feb;111(2):173-6 3. http://www.duj.com/Article/Schenkman.htmlSuperficial Bladder Cancer Therapy Emmanuel Schenkman, M.D. and Donald L. Lamm, M.D. Schenkman and Lamm’s review of the latest statistics and treatments for management of superficial bladder cancer in the Digital Urology Journal 4. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin immunotherapy of murine bladder cancer. Lamm DL; DeHaven JI; Riggs DR; Delgra C; Burrell R 5. Editorial comment by DL Lamm, following article: Recurrent superficial transition cell carcinom of the bladdera: Adjuvant topical chemotherapy versus immunotherapy a prospective randomized trial Department of Urology, Wilhelminenspital, Hanuschkrankenhaus and Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria J Urol 1990 Aug;144(2 Pt 1):260-3PMID: 2197428 UI: 90325324 6. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) immunontherapy of papillary and in situ transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. A multicenter phase I-II clinical trial. (Abstract) Lamm, L.D., Morales, A., Grossman, H.B., et al J Urol 1996; 155:A1405. 7. Keyhole-limpet hemocyanin immunotherapy in the bilharzial bladder: a new treatment modality? Phase II trial: superficial bladder cancer. Wishahi, M.M., Ismail, I.M., Rubben, H., Otto, T.: J Urol 1995; 153(3 Pt 2):926-928. PMID: 7853576 UI: 95156674 Bropirimine 1. Oral bropirimine immunotherapy of bladder carcinoma in situ after prior intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin. Sarosdy MF; Manyak MJ; Sagalowsky AI; Belldegrun A; Benson MC; Bihrle W; Carroll PR; Ellis WJ; Hudson MA; Sharkey FE Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA. Urology 1998 Feb;51(2):226-31 PMID: 9495702 UI: c 2. Bropirimine immunotherapy of upper urinary tract carcinoma in situ. Sarosdy, M.F., Pisters, L.L., Carroll, P.R., Benson, M.C., Moon, T.D., Lamm, D.L., Hudson, M.A., Lerner, S.P., Koch, M.O. and Schellhammer, P.F. Urol. 48: 28, 1996. PMID: 8693647 UI: 96305818 3. http://www.duj.com/Article/Schenkman.htmlSuperficial Bladder Cancer Therapy Emmanuel Schenkman, M.D. and Donald L. Lamm, M.D. Schenkman and Lamm’s review of the latest statistics and treatments for management of superficial bladder cancer in the Digital Urology Journal PDT 1.http://omlc.ogi.edu/pdt/ : Scott Prahl , Oregon Medical Laser Center 2. Photodynamic Therapy Using Porfiner Sodium as an Alternative to Cystectomy in Patients with Refractory Transitional Cell Carcinoma in Situ of The Bladder Photofrin Study Group Nseyo UO; Shumaker B; Klein EA; Sutherland K 3. Long term experience with photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the management of superficial vesical transitional cell carcinoma (SVTCC) (Meeting abstract). - Nseyo U; Lamm D; Riggs D; DeHaven J; Dougherty T; Porter W; Lundahl S; Merrill D WVU Medical School, Morgantown/Clarksburg, WV Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res 1997;38:A2524 UI - 98639524 4. Photodynamic Therapy Using Porfimer Sodium as an Alternative to Cystectomy in Patients with Refractory Transitional Cell Carcinoma in Situ of the BLadder. BLADDER PHOTOFRIN STUDY GROUP Nseyo UO; Shumaker B; Klein EA; Sutherland K JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 1998 Jul;160(1):39-44 PMID: 9628601, UI: 98290565 Combined modalities 1. The status of bladder-preserving therapeutic strategies in the management of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancerKoiso K; Shipley W; Keuppens F; Baert L; Hall R; Hudson MA; Khoury S; Kubota Y; Kubota Y; van Poppel H 2. Interval report of a phase I-II study utilizing multiple modalities in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer: A bladder-sparing trial. Prout GR Jr, Shipley WU, Kaufman DS, et al: Urol Clin North Am 1991;18:547-554. 3. Bladder-sparing approach in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer. Wajsman Z, Marino R, Parsons J, et al:Semin Urol 1990;8:210-215. 4. Invasive Bladder Cancer: Treatment Strategies Using Transurethral Surgery, Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy with Selection for Bladder Conservation Kanady KE; Shipley WU; Zietman AL; Kaufman DS; Althausen AF; Heney NM Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA. Semin Surg Oncol 1997 Sep-Oct;13(5):35PMID: 9259092 UI: 97403767 5. Combined-Modality Therapy for Bladder Cancer McCaffrey JA, Bajorin DF, Scher HI, Bosl GJ Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY NY PMID:9330404 UI: 97471463 Onocology 11(9Suppl ():18-26, 1997 Sep 6. Treatment of infiltrating cancer of the bladder with cisplatin, fluorouracil, and concurrent radiotherapy: results of a pilot study Chauvet B; Felix-Faure C; Davin JL; Berger C; Vincent P; Reboul F 7. Phase III trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer treated with selective bladder preservation by combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy: initial results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 89-03. Shipley WU; Winter KA; Kaufman DS; Lee WR; Heney NM; Tester WR; Donnelly BJ; Venner PM; Perez CA; Murray KJ; Doggett RS; True LD Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA. 8. Combined Modality Treatment with Selective Bladder Conservation for Invasive Bladder Cancer: Long-Term Tolerance in the Female Patient Kachnic LA; Shipley WU; Griffin PP; Zietman AL; Kaufman DS; Althausen AF; Heney NM Against Bladder Sparing 1. Against Bladder Sparing: Surgery Montie, JE, J.Uol., 1999;162:452 University of Michigan 2. Durability of the tumor-free response for intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy. Nadler, R. B., Catalona, W. J., Hudson, M. A. and Ratliff, T. L. J. Urol., 152: 367,1994. 3.The treated natural history of high risk superficial bladder cancer: 15-year outcome. Cookson, M. S., Herr, H. W., Zhang, Z. F., Soloway, S., Sogani, P. C. and Fair, W. R.: J. Urol., 158: 62,1997. 4. Extravesical tumor relapse in patients with superficial bladder tumors. Herr, H. W.:J. Clin. Oncol., 16: 1099,1998. 5. Commentary at the end of article in reference #1; Harry W. Herr Urology Service, Department of Surgery Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York Radiation 1. 8th European Urological Winter Forum, Davos, Switzerland Feb.-21-25, 1999 2. http://www.urologychannel.com/bladdercancer/treatment.shtml#RadiationTherapy 3. Treatment of bladder cancer with interstitial iridium-192 implantation and external beam irradiation. Straus KL; Littman P; Wein AJ; Whittington R; Tomaszewski JE Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute. 4. Organ-sparing treatment of advanced bladder cancer: a 10-year experience. 5. Contemporary results of radical radiotherapy for bladder transitional cell carcinoma in a district general hospital with cancer-centre status. 6. Good results of bladder-preserving treatment in poorly differentiated and invasive bladder carcinoma using interstitial Iridium-192 radiotherapy Moonen LM; Horenblas S; Pos F; Schaefer BS; Meinhardt W; Bartelink H Afd. Radiotherapie, Nederlands Kanker Instituut/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis, Amsterdam. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1996 Jul 6;140(27):1406-10 PMID: 8766684 UI: 96339152 7. Muscle invasive bladder cancer treated by transurethral resection, followed by external beam radiation and interstitial iridium-192. 8. The role of Ki67 proliferation assessment in predicting local control in bladder cancer patients treated by radical radiation therapy. Lara PC; Rey A; Santana C; Afonso JL; Diaz JM; Gonzalez GJ; Apolinario RDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Nuestra Senora del Pino, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. Radiother Oncol 1998 Nov;49(2):163-7 PMID: 10052882 UI: 99160247 9. Apoptosis in carcinoma of the bladder: relation with radiation treatment results.Lara PC; Perez S; Rey A; Santana CDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Nuestra Senora del Pino, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999 Mar 15;43(5):1015-9 PMID: 10192349 UI: 992065678 10. Apoptosis and downstaging after preoperative radiotherapy for muscle- invasive bladder cancer Chyle V; Pollack A; Czerniak B; Stephens LC; Zagars GK; Terry NH; Meyn RE Department of Radiotherapy, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996 May 1;35(2):281-7 PMID: 8635934 UI: 96228841 11. Survival after radical treatment for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. 12. Survival after radical treatment for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder Daehlin L; Haukaas S; Maartmann-Moe H; Medby PC 13. Radical radiotherapy for muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: failure analysis.Gospodarowicz MK; Hawkins NV; Rawlings GA; Connolly JG; Jewett MA; Thomas GM; Herman JG; Garrett PG; Chua T; Duncan W; et al Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada J Urol 1989 Dec;142(6):1448-53; discussion 1453-4 PMID: 2585617 UI: 90064839 Hyperthermia 1. http://www.urologychannel.com/bladdercancer/treatment.shtml#RadiationTherapy 3. Treatment of bladder cancer with interstitial iridium-192 implantation and external beam 4. Organ-sparing treatment of advanced bladder cancer: a 10-year experience. 5. Contemporary results of radical radiotherapy for bladder transitional cell carcinoma in a 6. Good results of bladder-preserving treatment in poorly differentiated and invasive bladder 7. Muscle invasive bladder cancer treated by transurethral resection, followed by external beam 8. The role of Ki67 proliferation assessment in predicting local control in bladder cancer patients 10. Apoptosis and downstaging after preoperative radiotherapy for muscle- invasive bladder 11. Survival after radical treatment for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. 13. Radical radiotherapy for muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: failure Hyperthermia 1. CANCER FACTS National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health 3. A clinical survey of advanced bladder cancer: treatment of advanced and non-resectable bladder cancer Naito K; Hasegawa T; Ishida T; Yamamoto H; Mihara S; Komatsu K; Ueki O; Koshida K; Hisazumi H 4. Local microwave hyperthermia and intravesical chemotherapy as bladder sparing treatment for select multifocal and unresectable superficial bladder tumors. 5. Feasibility, toxicity, and preliminary results of weekly loco-regional hyperthermia and cisplatin in patients with previously irradiated recurrent cervical carcinoma or locally advanced bladder cancer. Invasive bladder cancer 1. Bladder Cancer, Lamm DL, Torti F:1996. CA Cancer J Clin 1996;46:93-112 Selection of treatment for muscle infiltrating transitional cell bladder cancer. Whitmore WF:Arch Esp Urol 1990;43:219-222. Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: Histologic clearance with combined 5-FU chemotherapy and radiation therapy: Preliminary results of a bladder-preservation study. Russell KJ, Boileau MA, Ireton RC, et al:Radiology 1988;167:845-848. Improved local control of invasive bladder cancer by concurrent cisplatin and preoperative or radical radiation. Coppin C, Gospodarowicz M, Dixon P, et al Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1992;11:607A. Abstract. Cisplatin combination chemotherapy for elderly patients with urothelial tumours. Sella A, Logothetis CJ, Dexeus FH, et al: Br J Urol 1991;67:603-607. 2. Radical cystectomy in the octogenarian. 3. Long-term follow-up of a phase III intergroup study of cisplatin alone or in combination with methotrexate, vinblastine, and doxorubicin in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer: A cooperative group study. J Clin Oncol 15:2564-2569, 1997. Saxman SB; Propert KJ; Einhorn LH; Crawford ED; Tannock I; Raghavan D; Loehrer PJ Sr; Trump D 4. Gemcitabine activity (objective responses and symptom improvement) in resistant stage IV bladder cancer. De Lena M, Gridelli C, Loruso V, et al: Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 15:246, 1996. Abstract. 5. A phase II study of gemcitabine in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract previously treated with platinum. Italian Co-operative Group on Bladder Cancer. 6. Significant activity of paclitaxel in advanced transitional-cell carcinoma of the urothelium: a phase II trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Roth BJ, Dreicer R, Einhorn LH, et al. J Clin Oncol. 1994;12:2264-2270. PMID: 7525883 UI: 95054245 7. Review and outlook for the role of paclitaxel in urothelial carcinoma 8. Paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with metastatic transitional cell cancer of the urinary tract. Pycha A; Grbovic M; Posch B; Schnack B; Haitel A; Heinz-Peer G; Zielinski CC; Marberger M Department of Urology, University of Vienna, Austria. 9. E2895 Cisplatin and paclitaxel in advanced carcinoma of the urothelium: A phase II trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). Dreicer R, Roth S, Lipsitz M, et al:Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1998;17:1233. Abstract. 10. (as reviewed in); http://www.ca-journal.org/articles/48/5/263-268/48_263-268_frame.htm Docetaxel (Taxotere) and cisplatin in metastatic urothelial cancer: A phase II study. . Sengelev L, Kamby C, Lund B, et al:Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1998;17:1322. Abstract. Gemcitabine plus cisplatin in metastatic transitional cell carcinoma: Final results of a phase II study. Kaufman D, Stadler W, Carducci M, et al Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1998;17:1235. Abstract. 11. http://www.mskcc.org/document/WICBLAD.htm Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center 12. Optimal delivery of perioperative chemotherapy: preliminary results of a randomized, prospective, comparative trial of preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy for invasive bladder carcinoma . Logothetis C; Swanson D; Amato R; Banks M; Finn L; Ayala A; Ro J; Babaian R; Dinney C; Ellerhorst J; Hall C; von Eschenbach A 13. New chemotherapy regimens for advanced bladder cancer Fagbemi SO; Stadler WM 14. 5-Fluorouracil and interferon-alpha in chemotherapy refractory bladder carcinoma: an effective regimen. Logothetis CJ; Hossan E; Recondo G; Sella A; Ellerhorst J; Kilbourn R; Zukiwski A; Amato R Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030. Additional source; Gene therapy 1. National Cancer Institue; gene therapy fact sheet http://rex.nci.nih.gov 2. Altered expression of retinoblastoma protein and known prognostic variables in locally advanced bladder cancer. Logothetis CJ; Xu HJ; Ro JY; Hu SX; Sahin A; Ordonez N; Benedict WF Department of Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1992;84:1256-1261. PMID: 1640485 UI: 92349457 3. Accumulation of nuclear p53 and tumor progression in bladder cancer. Esrig D; Elmajian D; Groshen S; Freeman JA; Stein JP; Chen SC; Nichols PW; Skinner DG; Jones PA; Cote RJ 4. Dr.John D. Seigne Department of Urology at The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex. Dr. Seigne is now with the Department of Urology at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Fla. Article "Gene Therapy for Bladder Cancer"CREDIT AND/OR COPYRIGHT NOTICE Reproduced by Permission from Cancer Control: Journal of the Moffitt CancerCenter http://www.moffitt.usf.edu/pubs/ccj/ . 3(5):428-433, 1996. © 1996 Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute. Article also found at Medscape 5 Results of Phase I trial, data presented at the 33rd American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting. May 19, 1997 http://www.pslgroup.com/dg/2889E.htm Medical News Biomarkers 1. Cancer Prevention: The Roles of Diet and Chemoprevention; Peter Greenwald, MD, DrPH, Sharon S. McDonald, MS,Division of Cancer Prevention and Control at the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md (PG) and The Scientific Consulting Group, Inc, Gaithersburg, Md (SSM) http://www.moffitt.usf.edu/pubs/ccj/v4n2/article2.html Paraphrased/excerpted with permission from Cancer Control: Journal of the Moffitt Cancer. The Moffit Journal can also be found on Medscape 2. Bladder Cancer: Twenty Years of Progress and the Challenges That Remain. Donald L. Lamm, M.D. CAJournal for Clinicians, Guest Editorial 1998 3. Predicting prognosis in patients with superficial bladder cancer. de Vere White RW, Stapp E Department of Urology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento. Oncology (Huntingt) 1998 Dec;12(12):1717-23; discussion 1724-6 4. Prognostic markers in bladder cancer: a contemporary review of the literature. Stein JP; Grossfeld GD; Ginsberg DA; Esrig D; Freeman JA; Figueroa AJ; Skinner DG; Cote RJ Department of Urology, Kenneth Norris, Jr. Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA. J Urol 1998;160(3 Pt 1):645-59 UI: 98385469 5. The utility of tumour markers in assessing the response to chemotherapy in advanced bladder cancer. Cook AM, Huddart RA, Jay G, et al Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1998;17:1199. Abstract. 6. Biomarkers in monitoring for efficacy of immunotherapy and chemoprevention of bladder cancer with dimethylsulfoxide.Hemstreet GP 3rd; Rao J; Hurst RE; Bonner RB; Mellott JE; Rooker GMDepartment of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA.Cancer Detect Prev 1999;23(2):163-71 PMID: 10101598 UI: 99201814 7. The role of Ki67 proliferation assessment in predicting local control in bladder cancer patients treated by radical radiation therapy. Lara PC; Rey A; Santana C; Afonso JL; Diaz JM; Gonzalez GJ; Apolinario RDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Nuestra Senora del Pino, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. 8. Michael Rebhan http://bioinformatics.weizmann.ac.il/hotmolecbase/entries/p53.htm 9. Nuclear overexpression of p53 protein in transitional cell bladder carcinoma: A marker for disease progression. Sarkis AS, Dalbagni G, Cordon-Cardo C, et al: J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:53-59. 10. p53 nuclear protein accumulation correlates with mutations in the p53 gene, tumor grade, and stage in bladder cancer. Esrig D; Spruck CH 3d; Nichols PW; Chaiwun B; Steven K; Groshen S; Chen SC; Skinner DG; Jones PA; Cote RJ 11. Two molecular pathways to transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. 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