References - Bladder Cancer WebCafé

These references date back fto the beginning of this website, put online in June 1999 by Wendy Sheridan. There have since been many updates within the pages of this site, with new references appearing on each individual page as the information is added.

About bladder cancer

1. http://www.urol-int.org/Sep97/Clinical/clinical.htm
Ta, T1 Bladder Cancer: What Can We Learn From EORTC Trials? APM van der Meijden Department of Urology, Bosch Medicentrym, Den Bosch, The Netherlands

2. Memorial Sloan Kettering website;
http://www.mskcc.org/document/WICBLAD.htm

3. Bladder carcinoma as a systemic disease. Prout GR Jr, Griffin PP, Shipley WU: Cancer 1979;43:2532-2539. As reviewed by Michael J. Droller, M.D;
http://www.ca-journal.org/articles/48/5/269-284/48_269-284_frame.htm CA Cancer J Clin 1998;48:269-284
Bladder Cancer: State of the Art Care Michael J Droller, M.D.

4. http://www.duj.com/Article/Streem.htmlEnodourologic Management of Upper Tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma Peter E. Clark, M.D. Stevan B. Streem, M.D. Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Urology Cleveland Ohio

5. http://www.ca-journal.org/articles/46/2/093-112/46_093-112_frame.htm As reviewed by Dr. DL Lamm and Dr. Frank M. Torti Bladder Cancer 1996

6. http://www.urologychannel.com/bladdercancer/types.shtml
#UndifferentialtedCarcinoma

7. http://www.urologychannel.com/bladdercancer/types.shtml#Urachal

Staging and grading

1. A proposed simplified staging system of invasive bladder tumors. Herr HW
Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y.
Urol Int 1993;50(1):17-20
PMID: 8434421 UI: 93166596

2. Ta, T1 Bladder Cancer: What Can We Learn From EORTC Trials? APM van der Meijden
Department of Urology, Bosch Medicentrym, Den Bosch, The Netherlands
http://www.urol-int.org/Sep97/Clinical/clinical.htm Urology International

3. Results of radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and the effect of chemotherapy.
Soloway MS; Lopez AE; Patel J; Lu Y Department of Urology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida. Cancer 1994 Apr 1;73(7):1926-31
PMID: 8137219 UI: 94184931

Diagnostic procedures

1. Evaluation of new resectoscope loop for transurethral resection of bladder tumors. Herr HW; Reuter VE
Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
J Urol 1998 Jun;159(6):2067-8 PMID: 9598520 UI: 98258467

2. Transitional Cell Carcimoma of the Bladder: Back to Basics http://www.uronews.com/archive.dir/vol1_4.htm Dr. Ken Grigor MD, FRCPathSenior Lecturer and Consultant Pathologist, Edinburgh University and Western General Hospital, Edinburgh.Chairman of the Scottish Urological Oncology Group. Special Feature; Urology News Online Vol.1/4:

3. Superficial bladder cancer: Progression and recurrence. Heney, N.M., Ahmed, S., Flanagan, M.J., et al J Urol 1983; 130:1083-1086 as reviewed by Drs. Emmanuel Schenkman, M.D. and Donald L. Lamm, M.D.; http://www.duj.com/Article/Schenkman.htmlSuperficial Bladder Cancer Therapy

Non Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer

1. References as reviewed in Bladder Cancer: State of the Art Care by Michael J. Droller, M.D;
http://www.ca-journal.org/articles/48/5/269-284/48_269-284_frame.htm CA Cancer J Clin 1998;48:269-284

Bladder carcinoma as a systemic disease. Cancer 1979;43:2532-2539. Prout GR Jr, Griffin PP, Shipley WU:

Treated history of noninvasive grade 1 transitional cell carcinoma:Prout GR Jr, Barton BA, Griffin PP, et al: The National
Bladder Cancer Group. J Urol 1992;148:1413-1419.

The pT1 G3 bladder tumour Birch BR, Harland SJ:. Br J Urol 1986;64:109-116.
Professor G. Steineck, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, unpublished data.

2. Carcinoma in situ DL Lamm Department of Urology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown. Urol
Clin North Am 1992 Aug;19(3):499-508 PMID: 1636234 UI: 92343122

3. http://www.urologychannel.com/bladdercancer/types.shtml#CISTIS

4. Pathobiology of Preinvasive Urothelial Neoplasia Author: Jose I. Diaz, MD, Pathology Service, H. Lee Moffitt CancerCenter & Research Institute [Cancer Control: JMCC 3(6):552-556, 1996. © 1996 Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute] full article can be found at http://www.moffitt.usf.edu/pubs/ccj/v3n6/patholog.html

5. Carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder: clues to host involvement in human carcinogenesis. Orozco RE, Martin AA,Murphy WM. Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee, Memphis. Cancer. 1994;74:115-122. PMID: 8004567 UI: 94273074

6. http://www.duj.com/Article/Schenkman.htmlSuperficial Bladder Cancer Therapy References as reviewed by Drs.
Emmanuel Schenkman, M.D. and Donald L. Lamm, M.D.

Superficial bladder cancer: Progression and recurrence. Heney, N.M., Ahmed, S., Flanagan, M.J., et al J Urol 1983;
130:1083-1086.

Natural history of bladder cancer. Bostwick, D.G.: J Cell Biochem., 1992;161:31-38. (29%)

Carcinoma in situ (review) D.L.Lamm Urol Clin North Amer. 1992; 19:499-508

7. Pussycats and baby tigers: non-invasive (pTa) and minimally invasive (pT1) bladder carcinomas are not the same!
G.Sauter; MJ Mihatsch J Pathol 1998 Aug;185(4):339-41 PMID: 9828830 UI: 99046270

8. Transitional Cell Papilloma: Revisiting An Old Concept
William M. Murphy Department of pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine,
University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Fla. USA
http://www.urol-int.org/Oct96/Winds/winds.htm

9. Maintenance BCG immunotherapy of superficial bladder cancer: A randomized prospective Southwest Oncology Group
Study (meeting abstract). Lamm DL, Crawford ED, Blumenstein B, et al: Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1992;11:A627. Abstract.

Intravesical chemotherapy

1. Congress held in Turkey in 1996, Dr. A. van der Meijden from the Netherlands reviewed "Future of Urological Oncology in Clinical and Basic Research through European Collaboration www.uroweb.nlhttp://www.uroweb.nl/eau/eut/eut72/3.shtml European Urology Today: Volume 7, no.2 June 1997

2. A combined analysis of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, and Medical Research Council randomized clinical trials for the prophylactic treatment of stage TaT1 bladder cancer. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genitourinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group and the Medical Research Council Working Party on Superficial Bladder Cancer Pawinski A; Sylvester R; Kurth KH; Bouffioux C; van der Meijden A; Parmar MK; Bijnens L Department of Urology, Memorial Cancer Center, Warsaw, Poland. J Urol 1996 Dec;156(6):1934-40, discussion 1940-1 PMID: 8911360 UI: 97068032

3. Intravesical chemotherapy and immunotherapy: How do we assess their effectiveness and what are their limitations and uses? Lamm DL, van der Meijden AP, Akaza H, et al Int J Urol 1995;2(Suppl 2):23-35.

4. Influence of thiotepa and doxorubicin instillation at time of transurethral surgical treatment of bladder cancer on tumor recurrence: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Zincke H, Utz DC, Taylor WF, et al J Urol 1983;129:505-509. PMID: 6403716 UI: 83164505

5. Mitomycin C in multiple superficial bladder tumors: short-term therapy, long-term results. Milani C; Bassi P; Meneghini A; Garbeglio A; Zattoni F; Piazza N; Maruzzi D; Drago-Ferrante GL; Pagano F Institute of Urology, Monoblocco Hospital, Padova, Italy Urol Int 1992;48(2):154-6 PMID: 1585510 UI: 92263601.

6. Mitomycin-C in superficial bladder cancer. Is long-term maintenance therapy worthwhile after initial treatment? Hamdy FC; Hastie KJ; Kerry R; Williams JL Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Br J Urol 1993 Feb;71(2):183-6 PMID: 8461952 UI: 93214763

7. Valstar http://www.physweekly.com/archive/98/11_09_98/cu3.html Physician’s Weekly

8. Intravesical epirubicin versus doxorubicin for superficial bladder tumors (stages pTa and pT1): a randomized prospective study. Ali-el-Dein B; el-Baz M; Aly AN; Shamaa S; Ashamallah A. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt J Urol 1997 Jul;158(1):68-73; discussion 73-4PMID: 9186325 UI: 97329866
Reviewed by Prof. Dr. Jakse on : www.Uroweb.nlhttp://www.uroweb.nl/bladderweb/literature/review3/body.shtml

9. Adjuvant chemotherapy of superficial transitional cell carcinoma: an E.O.R.T.C. randomized trail comparing doxorubicin hydrochloride, ethoglucid and TUR-alone. Kurth KH; Debruyne FJ; Senge T; Carpentier PJ; Riedl H; Sylvester R; de Pauw M Prog Clin Biol Res 1985;185B:135-42 PMID: 3898138 UI: 85298556
In SchrÃ¶der FH, Richards B (eds): EORTC Genitourinary Group Monograph 2, Part B: Superficial Bladder Tumors. New York, Alan R Liss, 1985, pp 135
As reviewed in the article: Intravesical Therapy for Superficial Bladder Cancer Ashish M. Kamat, MD, Donald L. Lamm, MD West Virginia School of Medicine, Morgantown, W. Va. March, 1999 (From "Infections in Urology) www.medscape.com

Additional Source;

http://www.duj.com/Article/Schenkman.htmlSuperficial Bladder Cancer Therapy Emmanuel Schenkman, M.D. and Donald L. Lamm, M.D. Schenkman and Lamm’s review of the latest statistics and treatments for management of superficial bladder cancer in the Digital Urology Journal (year?)

Immunotherapy

BCG

1. Intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin induces the antiangiogenic chemokine interferon-inducible protein 10. Poppas DP; Pavlovich CP; Folkman J; Voest EE; Chen X; Luster AD; O’Donnell MA Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.Urology 1998 Aug;52(2):268-75; discussion 275-6 PMID: 9697793 UI: 98361258

2. Long-term results of intravesical therapy for superficial bladder cancer Lamm DL Department of Urology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown. Urol Clin North Am 1992 Aug;19(3):573-80 PMID: 1636241 UI: 92343130

3. Maintenance BCG immunotherapy of superficial bladder cancer: A randomized prospective Southwest Oncology Group Study (meeting abstract). Lamm DL, Crawford ED, Blumenstein B, et al:Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1992;11:A627. Abstract

4. Long-term follow-up of an EORTC randomized prospective trial comparing intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin-RIVM and mitomycin C in superficial bladder cancer. EORTC GU Group and the Dutch South East Cooperative Urological Group. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Collaborative Group.Witjes JA; v. d. Meijden AP; Sylvester LC; Debruyne FM; van Aubel A; Witjes WP Department of Urology, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.Urology 1998 Sep;52(3):403-10 PMID: 9730451 UI: 98398219

5. Future of Urological Oncology in Clinical and Basic Research through European Collaboration www.uroweb.nl Congress held in Turkey in 1996, a talk by Dr. A. van der Meijden from the Netherlands

6. Complications of bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy. (Review) Lamm DL Urol Clin North Am 1992; 19:565-572. PMID: 1636240 UI: 92343129

7. Local toxicity patterns associated with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin: A Southwest Oncology Group Study. Berry D.L., Blumenstein B.A., Magyary D.L., Berry DL; Lamm DL; Crawford ED Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington, Seattle Int J Urol 1995;2 PMID: 8689518 UI: 96253590

References 6 and 7 as reviewed by Drs. Emmanuel Schenkman, M.D. and Donald L. Lamm, M.D.; http://www.duj.com/Article/Schenkman.htmlSuperficial Bladder Cancer Therapy

8. Complications of bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination and immunotherapy and their management.
J Grange; Commun Dis Public Health. 1998 Jun;1PMID: 9644119 UI: 98299079

9. Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy for superficial bladder cancer: effect of bacillus Calmette-Guerin viability on treatment results.Kelley DR; Ratliff TL; Catalona WJ; Shapiro A; Lage JM; Bauer WC; Haaff EO; Dresner SM J Urol 1985 Jul;134(1):48-53
PMID: 3892051 UI: 85237760

10. The effect of lubricants on viability of bacillus Calmette-Guerin for intravesical immunotherapy against bladder carcinoma. Department of Urology, Medical University of Lubeck, Germany. Bohle A; Rusch-Gerdes S; Ulmer AJ; Braasch H; Jocham DJ Urol 1996 Jun;155(6):1892-6
PMID: 8618281 UI: 96212478

11. NCI/PDQ physicians statement http://cancernet.nci.nih.gov/clinpdq/soa/Bladder_cancer_Physician.html

Interferon

1. Alpha-interferon in superficial bladder cancer: a Northern California Oncology Group Study. Torti FM; Shortliffe LD; Williams RD; Pitts WC; Kempson RL; Ross JC; Palmer J; Meyers F; Ferrari M; Hannigan J; et al
Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA
J Clin Oncol 1988 Mar;6(3):476-83 PMID: 3280742 UI: 88171626

2. A randomized controlled study of intravesical alpha-2b-interferon in carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Glashan RW: Department of Urology, Royal Infirmary, Huddersfield, United Kingdom.J Urol 1990;144:658-661. PMID: 2201795 UI: 90355290

3. Superficial bladder cancer: the role of interferon-alpha published erratum appears in J Urol 1998 Oct;160(4):1444]
Belldegrun AS; Franklin JR; O’Donnell MA; Gomella LG; Klein E; Neri R; Nseyo UO; Ratliff TL; Williams RD
Division of Urologic Oncology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
J Urol 1998 Jun;159(6):1793-801 PMID: 9598463 UI: 98258410

4. IFN-alpha 2B Enhances Th1 Cytokine Responses in Bladder Cancer Patients Receiving Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Immunotherapy Authors:LuoY; Chen X; Downs TM; DeWolf WC; O’DonnellMA Harvard Medical School, Boston PMID:0073521 UI: No Cit. ID assigned 3:98-101.

Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin

1. Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer With Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin: A Randomized Study Carlos D. Jurincic, Udo Engelmann, Jorg Gasch, Karl F Klippel Department of Urology and Pathology General Hospital Celle and Department of Urology, University Mainz Fed. Rep. Germany J Urol 1988 Apr;139(4):723-6 PMID: 3127600 UI: 88172648

2. Immunologic Reduction for Bladder Cancer RecurrenceRates Olsson CA, Chute R, Rao CN J Urol 1974 Feb;111(2):173-6
PMID: 4810758 UI: 74085192

3. http://www.duj.com/Article/Schenkman.htmlSuperficial Bladder Cancer Therapy Emmanuel Schenkman, M.D. and Donald L. Lamm, M.D. Schenkman and Lamm’s review of the latest statistics and treatments for management of superficial bladder cancer in the Digital Urology Journal

4. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin immunotherapy of murine bladder cancer. Lamm DL; DeHaven JI; Riggs DR; Delgra C; Burrell R
Department of Urology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown 26506.Urol Res 1993 Jan;21(1):33-7 PMID: 8456536 UI: 93206415

5. Editorial comment by DL Lamm, following article: Recurrent superficial transition cell carcinom of the bladdera: Adjuvant topical chemotherapy versus immunotherapy a prospective randomized trial Department of Urology, Wilhelminenspital, Hanuschkrankenhaus and Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria J Urol 1990 Aug;144(2 Pt 1):260-3PMID: 2197428 UI: 90325324

6. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) immunontherapy of papillary and in situ transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. A multicenter phase I-II clinical trial. (Abstract) Lamm, L.D., Morales, A., Grossman, H.B., et al J Urol 1996; 155:A1405.

7. Keyhole-limpet hemocyanin immunotherapy in the bilharzial bladder: a new treatment modality? Phase II trial: superficial bladder cancer. Wishahi, M.M., Ismail, I.M., Rubben, H., Otto, T.: J Urol 1995; 153(3 Pt 2):926-928. PMID: 7853576 UI: 95156674

Bropirimine

1. Oral bropirimine immunotherapy of bladder carcinoma in situ after prior intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin. Sarosdy MF; Manyak MJ; Sagalowsky AI; Belldegrun A; Benson MC; Bihrle W; Carroll PR; Ellis WJ; Hudson MA; Sharkey FE Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA. Urology 1998 Feb;51(2):226-31 PMID: 9495702 UI: c

2. Bropirimine immunotherapy of upper urinary tract carcinoma in situ. Sarosdy, M.F., Pisters, L.L., Carroll, P.R., Benson, M.C., Moon, T.D., Lamm, D.L., Hudson, M.A., Lerner, S.P., Koch, M.O. and Schellhammer, P.F. Urol. 48: 28, 1996. PMID: 8693647 UI: 96305818

PDT

1.http://omlc.ogi.edu/pdt/ : Scott Prahl , Oregon Medical Laser Center

2. Photodynamic Therapy Using Porfiner Sodium as an Alternative to Cystectomy in Patients with Refractory Transitional Cell Carcinoma in Situ of The Bladder Photofrin Study Group Nseyo UO; Shumaker B; Klein EA; Sutherland K
JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 1998 Jul;160(1):39-44 PMID: 9628601, UI: 98290565

3. Long term experience with photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the management of superficial vesical transitional cell carcinoma (SVTCC) (Meeting abstract). – Nseyo U; Lamm D; Riggs D; DeHaven J; Dougherty T; Porter W; Lundahl S; Merrill D WVU Medical School, Morgantown/Clarksburg, WV Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res 1997;38:A2524 UI – 98639524

4. Photodynamic Therapy Using Porfimer Sodium as an Alternative to Cystectomy in Patients with Refractory Transitional Cell Carcinoma in Situ of the BLadder. BLADDER PHOTOFRIN STUDY GROUP Nseyo UO; Shumaker B; Klein EA; Sutherland K JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 1998 Jul;160(1):39-44 PMID: 9628601, UI: 98290565

Combined modalities

1. The status of bladder-preserving therapeutic strategies in the management of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancerKoiso K; Shipley W; Keuppens F; Baert L; Hall R; Hudson MA; Khoury S; Kubota Y; Kubota Y; van Poppel H
University of Tsukuba Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Urology, Ibaraki, Japan.
Int J Urol 1995 Jun;2 Suppl 2:49-57 PMID: 7553305 UI: 96057767

2. Interval report of a phase I-II study utilizing multiple modalities in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer: A bladder-sparing trial. Prout GR Jr, Shipley WU, Kaufman DS, et al: Urol Clin North Am 1991;18:547-554.

3. Bladder-sparing approach in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer. Wajsman Z, Marino R, Parsons J, et al:Semin Urol 1990;8:210-215.

4. Invasive Bladder Cancer: Treatment Strategies Using Transurethral Surgery, Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy with Selection for Bladder Conservation Kanady KE; Shipley WU; Zietman AL; Kaufman DS; Althausen AF; Heney NM Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA. Semin Surg Oncol 1997 Sep-Oct;13(5):35PMID: 9259092 UI: 97403767

5. Combined-Modality Therapy for Bladder Cancer McCaffrey JA, Bajorin DF, Scher HI, Bosl GJ Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY NY PMID:9330404 UI: 97471463 Onocology 11(9Suppl ():18-26, 1997 Sep

6. Treatment of infiltrating cancer of the bladder with cisplatin, fluorouracil, and concurrent radiotherapy: results of a pilot study Chauvet B; Felix-Faure C; Davin JL; Berger C; Vincent P; Reboul F
Clinique Sainte-Catherine, Avignon, France.
Cancer Radiother 1998 Apr;2 Suppl 1:77s-81s PMID: 9749084 UI: 98420908

7. Phase III trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer treated with selective bladder preservation by combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy: initial results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 89-03. Shipley WU; Winter KA; Kaufman DS; Lee WR; Heney NM; Tester WR; Donnelly BJ; Venner PM; Perez CA; Murray KJ; Doggett RS; True LD Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA.
J Clin Oncol 1998 Nov;16(11):3576-83 PMID: 9817278 UI: 99032190

8. Combined Modality Treatment with Selective Bladder Conservation for Invasive Bladder Cancer: Long-Term Tolerance in the Female Patient Kachnic LA; Shipley WU; Griffin PP; Zietman AL; Kaufman DS; Althausen AF; Heney NM
Genitourinary Oncology Unit, Departments of Radiation
Oncology, Urology, and Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Cancer J Sci Am 1996 Mar;2(2):79 PMID: 9166504 UI: No Cit. ID assigned

Against Bladder Sparing

1. Against Bladder Sparing: Surgery Montie, JE, J.Uol., 1999;162:452 University of Michigan

2. Durability of the tumor-free response for intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy. Nadler, R. B., Catalona, W. J., Hudson, M. A. and Ratliff, T. L. J. Urol., 152: 367,1994.

3.The treated natural history of high risk superficial bladder cancer: 15-year outcome. Cookson, M. S., Herr, H. W., Zhang, Z. F., Soloway, S., Sogani, P. C. and Fair, W. R.: J. Urol., 158: 62,1997.

4. Extravesical tumor relapse in patients with superficial bladder tumors. Herr, H. W.:J. Clin. Oncol., 16: 1099,1998.

5. Commentary at the end of article in reference #1; Harry W. Herr Urology Service, Department of Surgery Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York

Radiation

1. 8th European Urological Winter Forum, Davos, Switzerland Feb.-21-25, 1999
Talk by Dr. Mundy, expert urologist from the UK, reviewed on www.uroweb.nl http://www.uroweb.nl/highlights/davos99/body.shtml by Drs.Volkan Ulker and Henk van der Poel

2. http://www.urologychannel.com/bladdercancer/treatment.shtml#RadiationTherapy

3. Treatment of bladder cancer with interstitial iridium-192 implantation and external beam irradiation. Straus KL; Littman P; Wein AJ; Whittington R; Tomaszewski JE Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1988 Feb;14(2):265-71PMID: 3338948 UI: 88114779

4. Organ-sparing treatment of advanced bladder cancer: a 10-year experience.
Dunst J; Sauer R; Schrott KM; Kuhn R; Wittekind C; Altendorf-Hofmann A
Department of Radiotherapy, University of Erlangen, Germany
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1994 Sep 30;30(2):261-6 PMID: 7928455 UI: 95013465

5. Contemporary results of radical radiotherapy for bladder transitional cell carcinoma in a district general hospital with cancer-centre status.
Bell CR; Lydon A; Kernick V; Hong A; Penn C; Pocock RD; Stott MA
Br J Urol 1999 Apr;83(6):613-618 PMID: 10233566 UI: No Cit. ID assigned

6. Good results of bladder-preserving treatment in poorly differentiated and invasive bladder carcinoma using interstitial Iridium-192 radiotherapy Moonen LM; Horenblas S; Pos F; Schaefer BS; Meinhardt W; Bartelink H Afd. Radiotherapie, Nederlands Kanker Instituut/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis, Amsterdam. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1996 Jul 6;140(27):1406-10 PMID: 8766684 UI: 96339152

7. Muscle invasive bladder cancer treated by transurethral resection, followed by external beam radiation and interstitial iridium-192.
Wijnmaalen A; Helle PA; Koper PC; Jansen PP; Hanssens PE; Boeken Kruger CG; van Putten WL Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997 Dec 1;39(5):1043-52 PMID: 9392543 UI: 98052436

8. The role of Ki67 proliferation assessment in predicting local control in bladder cancer patients treated by radical radiation therapy. Lara PC; Rey A; Santana C; Afonso JL; Diaz JM; Gonzalez GJ; Apolinario RDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Nuestra Senora del Pino, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. Radiother Oncol 1998 Nov;49(2):163-7 PMID: 10052882 UI: 99160247

9. Apoptosis in carcinoma of the bladder: relation with radiation treatment results.Lara PC; Perez S; Rey A; Santana CDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Nuestra Senora del Pino, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999 Mar 15;43(5):1015-9 PMID: 10192349 UI: 992065678

10. Apoptosis and downstaging after preoperative radiotherapy for muscle- invasive bladder cancer Chyle V; Pollack A; Czerniak B; Stephens LC; Zagars GK; Terry NH; Meyn RE Department of Radiotherapy, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996 May 1;35(2):281-7 PMID: 8635934 UI: 96228841

11. Survival after radical treatment for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
External beam radiation treatment of urinary bladder carcinoma. An analysis of results in 203 patients.Salminen EDepartment of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.Acta Oncol 1990;29(7):909-14 PMID: 2261207 UI: 91084017

12. Survival after radical treatment for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder Daehlin L; Haukaas S; Maartmann-Moe H; Medby PC
Department of Surgery, University of Bergen, Norway. Eur J Surg Oncol 1999 Feb;25(1):66-70
PMID: 10188858 UI: 99202741

13. Radical radiotherapy for muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: failure analysis.Gospodarowicz MK; Hawkins NV; Rawlings GA; Connolly JG; Jewett MA; Thomas GM; Herman JG; Garrett PG; Chua T; Duncan W; et al Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada J Urol 1989 Dec;142(6):1448-53; discussion 1453-4 PMID: 2585617 UI: 90064839

Hyperthermia

1. http://www.urologychannel.com/bladdercancer/treatment.shtml#RadiationTherapy

3. Treatment of bladder cancer with interstitial iridium-192 implantation and external beam
irradiation. Straus KL; Littman P; Wein AJ; Whittington R; Tomaszewski JE Radiation Oncology
Branch, National Cancer Institute.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1988 Feb;14(2):265-71 PMID: 3338948 UI: 88114779

5. Contemporary results of radical radiotherapy for bladder transitional cell carcinoma in a
district general hospital with cancer-centre status.
Bell CR; Lydon A; Kernick V; Hong A; Penn C; Pocock RD; Stott MA
Br J Urol 1999 Apr;83(6):613-618 PMID: 10233566 UI: No Cit. ID assigned

6. Good results of bladder-preserving treatment in poorly differentiated and invasive bladder
carcinoma using interstitial Iridium-192 radiotherapy Moonen LM; Horenblas S; Pos F; Schaefer
BS; Meinhardt W; Bartelink H Afd. Radiotherapie, Nederlands Kanker Instituut/Antoni van
Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis, Amsterdam. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1996 Jul 6;140(27):1406-10 PMID:
8766684 UI: 96339152

7. Muscle invasive bladder cancer treated by transurethral resection, followed by external beam
radiation and interstitial iridium-192.
Wijnmaalen A; Helle PA; Koper PC; Jansen PP; Hanssens PE; Boeken Kruger CG; van Putten WL
Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The
Netherlands. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997 Dec 1;39(5):1043-52 PMID: 9392543 UI: 98052436

8. The role of Ki67 proliferation assessment in predicting local control in bladder cancer patients
treated by radical radiation therapy. Lara PC; Rey A; Santana C; Afonso JL; Diaz JM; Gonzalez GJ;
Apolinario R Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Nuestra Senora del Pino, Las Palmas de
Gran Canaria, Spain. Radiother Oncol 1998 Nov;49(2):163-7 PMID: 10052882 UI: 99160247

9. Apoptosis in carcinoma of the bladder: relation with radiation treatment results.Lara PC; Perez
S; Rey A; Santana CDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Nuestra Senora del Pino, Las
Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999 Mar 15;43(5):1015-9 PMID:
10192349 UI: 992065678

10. Apoptosis and downstaging after preoperative radiotherapy for muscle- invasive bladder
cancer Chyle V; Pollack A; Czerniak B; Stephens LC; Zagars GK; Terry NH; Meyn RE Department
of Radiotherapy, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA. Int J
Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996 May 1;35(2):281-7 PMID: 8635934 UI: 96228841

11. Survival after radical treatment for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
External beam radiation treatment of urinary bladder carcinoma. An analysis of results in 203
patients.Salminen EDepartment of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Helsinki University Central
Hospital, Finland.Acta Oncol 1990;29(7):909-14 PMID: 2261207 UI: 91084017

12. Survival after radical treatment for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder Daehlin L;
Haukaas S; Maartmann-Moe H; Medby PC
Department of Surgery, University of Bergen, Norway. Eur J Surg Oncol 1999 Feb;25(1):66-70
PMID: 10188858 UI: 99202741

13. Radical radiotherapy for muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: failure
analysis.Gospodarowicz MK; Hawkins NV; Rawlings GA; Connolly JG; Jewett MA; Thomas GM;
Herman JG; Garrett PG; Chua T; Duncan W; et al Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess
Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada J Urol 1989 Dec;142(6):1448-53; discussion 1453-4
PMID: 2585617 UI: 90064839

14. CANCER FACTS National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health
http://www.vci.org/ Valley Cancer Institute in California, holistic center using hyperthermia alone or combined with radiation and chemotherapy.

15. A clinical survey of advanced bladder cancer: treatment of advanced and non-resectable bladder cancer Naito K; Hasegawa T; Ishida T; Yamamoto H; Mihara S; Komatsu K; Ueki O; Koshida K; Hisazumi H
Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University.
Hinyokika Kiyo 1991 Dec;37(12):1601-6 PMID: 1785381 UI: 92151847

16. Local microwave hyperthermia and intravesical chemotherapy as bladder sparing treatment for select multifocal and unresectable superficial bladder tumors.
Colombo R; Da Pozzo LF; Lev A; Salonia A; Rigatti P; Leib Z; Servadio C; Caldarera E; Pavone-Macaluso M
Department of Urology, Scientific Institute H. San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
J Urol 1998 Mar;159(3):783-7 PMID: 9474148 UI: 98134423

17. Feasibility, toxicity, and preliminary results of weekly loco-regional hyperthermia and cisplatin in patients with previously irradiated recurrent cervical carcinoma or locally advanced bladder cancer.
Rietbroek RC; Bakker PJ; Schilthuis MS; Postma AJ; Zum Vorde Sive Vording PJ; Gonzalez Gonzalez D; Kurth KH; Bakker AJ; Veenhof CH
Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996 Mar 1;34(4):887-93 PMID: 8598366 UI: 96175268

Muscle-invasive bladder cancer

1. Bladder Cancer, Lamm DL, Torti F:1996. CA Cancer J Clin 1996;46:93-112
http://www.ca-journal.org/articles/46/2/093-112/46_093-112_frame.htm
References used in Lamm and Torti’s article;

Selection of treatment for muscle infiltrating transitional cell bladder cancer. Whitmore WF:Arch Esp Urol 1990;43:219-222.

Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: Histologic clearance with combined 5-FU chemotherapy and radiation therapy: Preliminary results of a bladder-preservation study. Russell KJ, Boileau MA, Ireton RC, et al:Radiology 1988;167:845-848.

Improved local control of invasive bladder cancer by concurrent cisplatin and preoperative or radical radiation. Coppin C, Gospodarowicz M, Dixon P, et al Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1992;11:607A. Abstract.
Arch Esp Urol 1990;43:219-222.

Cisplatin combination chemotherapy for elderly patients with urothelial tumours. Sella A, Logothetis CJ, Dexeus FH, et al: Br J Urol 1991;67:603-607.

2. Radical cystectomy in the octogenarian.
Stroumbakis N; Herr HW; Cookson MS; Fair WR
Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA. J Urol 1997 Dec;158(6):2113-7
PMID: 9366325 UI: 98031653

3. Long-term follow-up of a phase III intergroup study of cisplatin alone or in combination with methotrexate, vinblastine, and doxorubicin in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer: A cooperative group study. J Clin Oncol 15:2564-2569, 1997. Saxman SB; Propert KJ; Einhorn LH; Crawford ED; Tannock I; Raghavan D; Loehrer PJ Sr; Trump D
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
PMID: 9215826 UI: 97358730

4. Gemcitabine activity (objective responses and symptom improvement) in resistant stage IV bladder cancer. De Lena M, Gridelli C, Loruso V, et al: Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 15:246, 1996. Abstract.

5. A phase II study of gemcitabine in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract previously treated with platinum. Italian Co-operative Group on Bladder Cancer.
Lorusso V; Pollera CF; Antimi M; Luporini G; Gridelli C; Frassineti GL; Oliva C; Pacini M; De Lena M
Medical Oncology Division, Oncology Hospital, Bari, Italy
Eur J Cancer 1998 Jul;34(8):1208-12
PMID: 9849481 UI: 99066343

6. Significant activity of paclitaxel in advanced transitional-cell carcinoma of the urothelium: a phase II trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Roth BJ, Dreicer R, Einhorn LH, et al. J Clin Oncol. 1994;12:2264-2270. PMID: 7525883 UI: 95054245

7. Review and outlook for the role of paclitaxel in urothelial carcinoma
Vaughn DJ University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
Semin Oncol 1999 Feb;26(1 Suppl 2):117-22PMID: 10190793 UI: 99205068

8. Paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with metastatic transitional cell cancer of the urinary tract. Pycha A; Grbovic M; Posch B; Schnack B; Haitel A; Heinz-Peer G; Zielinski CC; Marberger M Department of Urology, University of Vienna, Austria.
Urology 1999 Mar;53(3):510-5 PMID: 10096376 UI: 99194040

9. E2895 Cisplatin and paclitaxel in advanced carcinoma of the urothelium: A phase II trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). Dreicer R, Roth S, Lipsitz M, et al:Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1998;17:1233. Abstract.

10. (as reviewed in); http://www.ca-journal.org/articles/48/5/263-268/48_263-268_frame.htm
Bladder Cancer: Twenty Years of Progress and the Challenges That Remain. Donald L. Lamm, M.D. CAJournal for Clinicians, Guest Editorial 1998

Docetaxel (Taxotere) and cisplatin in metastatic urothelial cancer: A phase II study. . Sengelev L, Kamby C, Lund B, et al:Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1998;17:1322. Abstract.

Gemcitabine plus cisplatin in metastatic transitional cell carcinoma: Final results of a phase II study. Kaufman D, Stadler W, Carducci M, et al Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1998;17:1235. Abstract.

11. http://www.mskcc.org/document/WICBLAD.htm Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

12. Optimal delivery of perioperative chemotherapy: preliminary results of a randomized, prospective, comparative trial of preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy for invasive bladder carcinoma . Logothetis C; Swanson D; Amato R; Banks M; Finn L; Ayala A; Ro J; Babaian R; Dinney C; Ellerhorst J; Hall C; von Eschenbach A .
Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.J Urol. 1996;155:1241-1245. PMID: 8632540 UI: 96230142

13. New chemotherapy regimens for advanced bladder cancer Fagbemi SO; Stadler WM
Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637
Semin Urol Oncol 1998 Feb;16(1):23-9 PMID: 9508079 UI: 98167498

14. 5-Fluorouracil and interferon-alpha in chemotherapy refractory bladder carcinoma: an effective regimen. Logothetis CJ; Hossan E; Recondo G; Sella A; Ellerhorst J; Kilbourn R; Zukiwski A; Amato R Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.
Anticancer Res 1994 May-Jun;14(3B):1265-9 PMID: 8067694 UI: 94346754

Additional source;
Systemic Therapy for Invasive Bladder Cancer
Milind Javle, MD, and Derek Raghavan, MD, PhD, FRACP, FACP
http://www.moffitt.usf.edu/pubs/ccj/v3n6/a2.html

Gene therapy

1. National Cancer Institue; gene therapy fact sheet http://rex.nci.nih.gov

2. Altered expression of retinoblastoma protein and known prognostic variables in locally advanced bladder cancer. Logothetis CJ; Xu HJ; Ro JY; Hu SX; Sahin A; Ordonez N; Benedict WF Department of Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1992;84:1256-1261. PMID: 1640485 UI: 92349457

3. Accumulation of nuclear p53 and tumor progression in bladder cancer. Esrig D; Elmajian D; Groshen S; Freeman JA; Stein JP; Chen SC; Nichols PW; Skinner DG; Jones PA; Cote RJ
Department of Urology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033.
N Engl J Med. 1994;331:1259-1264. PMID: 7935683 UI: 95021592

4. Dr.John D. Seigne Department of Urology at The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex. Dr. Seigne is now with the Department of Urology at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Fla. Article "Gene Therapy for Bladder Cancer"CREDIT AND/OR COPYRIGHT NOTICE Reproduced by Permission from Cancer Control: Journal of the Moffitt CancerCenter http://www.moffitt.usf.edu/pubs/ccj/ . 3(5):428-433, 1996. © 1996 Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute. Article also found at Medscape

5 Results of Phase I trial, data presented at the 33rd American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting. May 19, 1997 http://www.pslgroup.com/dg/2889E.htm Medical News

Biomarkers

1. Cancer Prevention: The Roles of Diet and Chemoprevention; Peter Greenwald, MD, DrPH, Sharon S. McDonald, MS,Division of Cancer Prevention and Control at the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md (PG) and The Scientific Consulting Group, Inc, Gaithersburg, Md (SSM) http://www.moffitt.usf.edu/pubs/ccj/v4n2/article2.html Paraphrased/excerpted with permission from Cancer Control: Journal of the Moffitt Cancer. The Moffit Journal can also be found on Medscape

2. Bladder Cancer: Twenty Years of Progress and the Challenges That Remain. Donald L. Lamm, M.D. CAJournal for Clinicians, Guest Editorial 1998
http://www.ca-journal.org/articles/48/5/263-268/48_263-268_frame.htm

3. Predicting prognosis in patients with superficial bladder cancer. de Vere White RW, Stapp E Department of Urology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento. Oncology (Huntingt) 1998 Dec;12(12):1717-23; discussion 1724-6

4. Prognostic markers in bladder cancer: a contemporary review of the literature. Stein JP; Grossfeld GD; Ginsberg DA; Esrig D; Freeman JA; Figueroa AJ; Skinner DG; Cote RJ Department of Urology, Kenneth Norris, Jr. Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA. J Urol 1998;160(3 Pt 1):645-59 UI: 98385469

5. The utility of tumour markers in assessing the response to chemotherapy in advanced bladder cancer. Cook AM, Huddart RA, Jay G, et al Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1998;17:1199. Abstract.

6. Biomarkers in monitoring for efficacy of immunotherapy and chemoprevention of bladder cancer with dimethylsulfoxide.Hemstreet GP 3rd; Rao J; Hurst RE; Bonner RB; Mellott JE; Rooker GMDepartment of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA.Cancer Detect Prev 1999;23(2):163-71 PMID: 10101598 UI: 99201814

7. The role of Ki67 proliferation assessment in predicting local control in bladder cancer patients treated by radical radiation therapy. Lara PC; Rey A; Santana C; Afonso JL; Diaz JM; Gonzalez GJ; Apolinario RDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Nuestra Senora del Pino, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
Radiother Oncol 1998 Nov;49(2):163-7 PMID: 10052882 UI: 99160247

8. Michael Rebhan http://bioinformatics.weizmann.ac.il/hotmolecbase/entries/p53.htm

9. Nuclear overexpression of p53 protein in transitional cell bladder carcinoma: A marker for disease progression. Sarkis AS, Dalbagni G, Cordon-Cardo C, et al: J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:53-59.

10. p53 nuclear protein accumulation correlates with mutations in the p53 gene, tumor grade, and stage in bladder cancer. Esrig D; Spruck CH 3d; Nichols PW; Chaiwun B; Steven K; Groshen S; Chen SC; Skinner DG; Jones PA; Cote RJ
Urologic Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033.
Am J Pathol 1993 Nov;143(5):1389-97 PMID: 7901994 UI: 94056661

11. Two molecular pathways to transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Spruck CH 3rd; Ohneseit PF; Gonzalez-Zulueta M; Esrig D; Miyao N; Tsai YC; Lerner SP; Schmutte C; Yang AS; Cote R; et al Kenneth Norris Jr. Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033. Cancer Res. 1994;54:784-788. PMID: 8306342 UI: 94138941

From; Cancer Control: Journal of the Morffitt Cancer Center; Pathology Update: Pathobiology of Preinvasive Urothelial NeoplasiaAuthor:Jose I. Diaz, MD, Pathology Service, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute 3(6):552-556, 1996. © 1996 Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute] Full article can be found at ^{http://www.moffitt.usf.edu/pubs/ccj/v3n6/patholog.html Article can also be found at Medscape}

12. David P. Lane FRS, FRSE, FRCPath, Ph.D.
Professor, Gibb Fellow of the CRC,
Director of the CRC Cell Transformation Group,
Department of Biochemistry,
The University of Dundee,
http://www.dundee.ac.uk/biochemistry/dpl.htm

13. Effect of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression on tumor progression in bladder cancer Stein JP; Ginsberg DA; Grossfeld GD; Chatterjee SJ; Esrig D; Dickinson MG; Groshen S; Taylor CR; Jones PA; Skinner DG; Cote RJ Department of Pathology, University of Southern California School of Medicine and Kenneth Norris Jr. Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles 90033, USA. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998 Jul 15;90(14):1072-9 PMID: 9672255 UI: 98335999

14. Can p53 help select patients with invasive bladder cancer for bladder preservation?
Herr HW; Bajorin DF; Scher HI; Cordon-Cardo C; Reuter VE
Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York, USA.J Urol 1999 Jan;161(1):20-2; discussion 22-3
PMID: 10037358 UI: 99154962

15. Altered expression of retinoblastoma protein and known prognostic variables in locally advanced bladder cancer
Logothetis CJ; Xu HJ; Ro JY; Hu SX; Sahin A; Ordonez N; Benedict WF
Department of Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
J Natl Cancer Inst 1992 Aug 19;84(16):1256-61 PMID: 1640485 UI: 92349457

16. Elevated and absent pRb expression is associated with bladder cancer progression and has cooperative effects with p53. Cote RJ; Dunn MD; Chatterjee SJ; Stein JP; Shi SR; Tran QC; Hu SX; Xu HJ; Groshen S; Taylor CR; Skinner DG; Benedict WF Department of Pathology, University of Southern California School of Medicine/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles 90033, USA. Cancer Res 1998 Mar 15;58(6):1090-4 PMID: 9515785 UI: 98175538

17. Overexpression of Bcl-2 enhances metastatic potential of human bladder cancer cells.
Miyake H; Hara I; Yamanaka K; Gohji K; Arakawa S; Kamidono S
Department of Urology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan.
Br J Cancer 1999 Apr;79(11-12):1651-6 PMID: 10206273 UI: 99221114

18. Overexpression of Bcl-2 in bladder cancer cells inhibits apoptosis induced by cisplatin and adenoviral-mediated p53 gene transfer.
Miyake H; Hanada N; Nakamura H; Kagawa S; Fujiwara T; Hara I; Eto H; Gohji K; Arakawa S; Kamidono S; Saya H Department of Tumor Genetics and Biology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Honjo, Japan.
Oncogene 1998 Feb 19;16(7):933-43 PMID: 9484785 UI: 98143314

19. Flow cytometric determination of the multidrug resistant phenotype in transitional cell cancer of the bladder: implications and applications.
Benson MC; Giella J; Whang IS; Buttyan R; Hensle TW; Karp F; Olsson CA
Department of Urology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York. J Urol 1991 Oct;146(4):982-6; discussion 986-7 PMID: 1680203 UI: 91374690

20. Oncotech biotech laboraty

21. Expression of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) gene in urothelial carcinomas. Kubo H; Sumizawa T; Koga K; Nishiyama K; Takebayashi Y; Chuman Y; Furukawa T; Akiyama S; Ohi Y
Institute for Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan.
Int J Cancer 1996 Dec 20;69(6):488-94 PMID: 8980253 UI: 97134693

22. Correlation and prognostic significance of p53, p21WAF1/CIP1 and Ki-67 expression in patients with superficial bladder tumors treated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin intravesical therapy Zlotta AR; Noel JC; Fayt I; Drowart A; Van Vooren JP; Huygen K; Simon J; Schulman CC Department of Urology, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium. J Urol 1999 Mar;161(3):792-8 PMID: 10022686 UI: C

23. Overexpression of p53 protein in a high-risk population of patients with superficial bladder cancer before and after bacillus Calmette- Guerin therapy: correlation to clinical outcome. Lacombe L; Dalbagni G; Zhang ZF; Cordon-Cardo C; Fair WR; Herr HW; Reuter VE Urology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021-6356, USA.
J Clin Oncol 1996 Oct;14(10):2646-52
PMID: 8874323 UI: 97028309

Other sources

Bladder Cancer: State of the Art Care Michael J. Droller M.D.
http://www.ca-journal.org/articles/48/5/269-284/48_269-284_frame.htm

CCDRT drug resistance tests

1. In vitro chemosensitivity of human bladder cancer. Weisenthal LM; Lalude AO; Miller JB
Cancer 1983 Apr 15;51(8):1490-6 PMID: 6186358 UI: 83128909

2. Andrew Bosanquet, Ph.D., Royal United Hospital, Bath, England, as published in ‘Drug Resistance in Leukemia and Lymphoma’, Kaspers, et al, eds., Chur, Switzerland, 1993

3. High in vitro-in vivo correlation of drug response using sponge-gel- supported three-dimensional histoculture and the MTT end point. Furukawa T; Kubota T; Watanabe M; Takahara T; Yamaguchi H; Takeuchi T; Kase S; Kodaira S; Ishibiki K; Kitajima M; et al Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
Int J Cancer 1992 May 28;51(3):489-98 PMID: 1592540 UI: 92275865

4. Effect of prior cancer chemotherapy on human tumor-specific cytotoxicity in vitro in response to immunopotentiating biologic response modifiers. Weisenthal LM; Dill PL; Pearson FC Oncotech, Inc, Irvine, Calif 92714. J Natl Cancer Inst 1991 Jan 2;83(1):37-42 PMID: 1984515 UI: 91080185

DMSO

1. http://www.islandnet.com/~emorgan/articles/msm.html Rusty Morgan

2. Interstitial Cystitus Foundation; http://www.ichelp.com/TreatmentAndSelfHelp/DMSO.html#General Information

3. In vitro chemosensitivity of human bladder cancer. Weisenthal LM; Lalude AO; Miller JB Cancer 1983 Apr 15;51(8):1490-6 PMID: 6186358 UI: 83128909

4. Regional chemotherapy for bladder neoplasms using continuous intravesical infusion of doxorubicin: impact of concomitant administration of dimethyl sulfoxide on drug absorption and antitumor activity.See WA; Xia QDepartment of Urology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 52242-1089.J Natl Cancer Inst 1992 Apr 1;84(7):510-5 PMID: 1545441 UI: 92185902

5. Studies on enhancement of drug absorption through the bladder mucosa Sasaki M; Hashimoto H; Yachiku S
Department of Urology, Asahikawa Medical CollegeNippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 1994 Sep;85(9):1353-62 PMID: 7967297 UI: 95056779

6. Transmurally absorbed intravesical chemotherapy with dimethylsulfoxide in an animal model [In Process Citation] Yaman O; Ozdiler E; Sozen S; Gogus O Department of Urology, University of Ankara, Turkey
Int J Urol 1999 Feb;6(2):87-92 PMID: 10226813 UI: 99243400

7 Biomarkers in monitoring for efficacy of immunotherapy and chemoprevention of bladder cancer with dimethylsulfoxide.Hemstreet GP 3rd; Rao J; Hurst RE; Bonner RB; Mellott JE; Rooker GMDepartment of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA.Cancer Detect Prev 1999;23(2):163-71 PMID: 10101598 UI: 99201814

Chemoprevention

1.Cancer Prevention: the Roles of Diet and Chemo Prevention Peter Greenwald, MD, DrPH, Sharon S. McDonald, MS, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control at the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md (PG) and The Scientific Consulting Group, Inc, Gaithersburg, Md (SSM http://www.moffitt.usf.edu/pubs/ccj/v4n2/article2.html
Article also found on www.medscape.com
CREDIT AND/OR COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Reproduced by Permission from Cancer Control: Journal of the Moffitt Cancer
Center http://www.moffitt.usf.edu/pubs/ccj/

2. Ethical Issues of Chemoprevention Clinical Trials Victor G. Vogel, MD, MHS, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pa (VGV), Lisa S. Parker, PhD, Department of Human Genetics at the University of Pittsburgh (LSP) 4(2): 142-149, 1997. © 1997 Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute] http://www.moffitt.usf.edu/pubs/ccj/v4n2/article5.html
CREDIT AND/OR COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Reproduced by Permission from Cancer Control: Journal of the Moffitt Cancer
Center http://www.moffitt.usf.edu/pubs/ccj/
Article also found at: www.medscape.com

Fluids

1. Fluid intake and the risk of bladder cancer in men Michaud DS; Spiegelman D; Clinton SK; Rimm EB; Curhan GC; Willett WC; Giovannucci EL Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
N Engl J Med 1999 May 6;340(18):1390-7
PMID: 10228189 UI: 99228265
Comment in: N Engl J Med 1999 May 6;340(18):1424-6

Urinary pH

1. Molecular genetics and biochemical mechanisms in bladder cancer. Sidransky D, Messing E Urol Clin North Am. 1992;19:629-639

2.Cancer Prevention: the Roles of Diet and Chemo Preventionhttp://www.moffitt.usf.edu/pubs/ccj/v4n2/article2.html Peter Greenwald, MD, DrPH, Sharon S. McDonald, MS, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control at the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md (PG) and The Scientific Consulting Group, Inc, Gaithersburg, Md (SSM
Article also found on www.medscape.com
CREDIT AND/OR COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Reproduced by Permission from Cancer Control: Journal of the Moffitt Cancer
Center http://www.moffitt.usf.edu/pubs/ccj/

BLP/ Probiotics

1. Prophylactic effect of a Lactobacillus casei preparation on the recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. BLP Study Group. Aso Y; Akazan H Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
Urol Int 1992;49(3):125-9PMID: 1466089 UI: 93102549

2. Rusty Morgan http://www.islandnet.com/~emorgan/articles/pet.html

Nutrition

1. Cancer Prevention: the Roles of Diet and Chemo Preventionhttp://www.moffitt.usf.edu/pubs/ccj/v4n2/article2.html Peter Greenwald, MD, DrPH, Sharon S. McDonald, MS, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control at the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md (PG) and The Scientific Consulting Group, Inc, Gaithersburg, Md (SSM
Article also found on www.medscape.com
CREDIT AND/OR COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Reproduced by Permission from Cancer Control: Journal of the Moffitt Cancer
Center http://www.moffitt.usf.edu/pubs/ccj/

2. http://www.alternativemedicine.com/digest/issue20/i20-a88.shtml Article
John Anderson, M.D.
Used with permission.

3. Michaud DS; Spiegelman D; Clinton SK; Rimm EB; Willett WC; Giovannucci EL
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. hpdsm@gauss.bwh.harvard.edu
J Natl Cancer Inst 1999 Apr 7;91(7):605-13
PMID: 10203279 UI: 99217942

4. Tomatoes, tomato-based products, lycopene, and cancer: review of the epidemiologic literature.
Giovannucci E Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999 Feb 17;91(4):317-31PMID: 10050865 UI: 99158152

Oncovite

1. Megadose vitamins in bladder cancer: A double-blind clinical trial. Lamm DL, Riggs D, Shriver JS, et al J Urol 1994;151:21-26.

2. DL Lamm; unpublished comments

Vitamins/antioxidants

1. http://www.alternativemedicine.com/digest/issue20/i20-a88.shtml

Article by John Anderson, M.D. Natual Pharmacy

2. Rusty Morgan

3. Guidelines for use of Ascorbic acid in the prevention and treatment of cancer
http://www.bccancer.bc.ca British Columbia Cancer Agency (last revised Jan. ’98)
Additional sources quoted in the BC Guide;

Adler T Power foods: looking at how nutrients may fight cancer.

Holzman D. Do antioxidants promote cancer? Alternative & Complementary Therapies June 1997

Diplock AT. Safety of antioxidant vitamins and beta-carotene. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1995; 62(suppl):1510S-1516S

Levine M, Dhariwal KR, Welch RW, Wang Y, Park JB. Determination of optimal vitamin C requirements in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1995; 62(suppl):1347S-1356S